PyQt5教程(九)——绘图

PyQt5的绘图系统可用于渲染矢量图、图像和文本。如果想改变或增强已有的控件，或者想从头创建一个自定义控件时，我们就需要在程序中进行图形的绘制。我们可以使用PyQt5提供的绘图API进行绘图操作。

绘图要在paintEvent()方法中实现。在QPainter对象的begin()与end()方法间编写绘图代码。它会在控件或其他图形设备上进行低级的图形绘制。

ps：我在后期使用pyqt绘图的时候遇到无法实时刷新的问题，已解决，希望能帮助到遇到相同问题的人

<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.repaint()

1	<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.repaint()

在需要重画的地方调用QWidget的repaint方法即可,update方法有时不好用绘制文本

我们先以窗体内Unicode文本的绘制为例。

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sys
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtWidgets <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> QWidget, QApplication
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtGui <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> QPainter, QColor, QFont
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtCore <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Qt


<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Example</span><span class="hljs-params">(QWidget)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">initUI</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        self.text = <span class="hljs-string">u'\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\
\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439: \n\
\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430'</span>

        self.setGeometry(<span class="hljs-number">300</span>, <span class="hljs-number">300</span>, <span class="hljs-number">280</span>, <span class="hljs-number">170</span>)
        self.setWindowTitle(<span class="hljs-string">"Draw text"</span>)
        self.show()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">paintEvent</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, event)</span>:</span>

        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawText(event, qp)
        qp.end()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">drawText</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, event, qp)</span>:</span>
        qp.setPen(QColor(<span class="hljs-number">168</span>, <span class="hljs-number">34</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
        qp.setFont(QFont(<span class="hljs-string">"Decorative"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>))
        qp.drawText(event.rect(), Qt.AlignCenter, self.text)


<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">"__main__"</span>:
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication

from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor, QFont

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt

class Example(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

def initUI(self):

self.text = u'\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\

\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439: \n\

\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430'

self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 170)

self.setWindowTitle("Draw text")

self.show()

def paintEvent(self, event):

qp = QPainter()

qp.begin(self)

self.drawText(event, qp)

qp.end()

def drawText(self, event, qp):

qp.setPen(QColor(168, 34, 3))

qp.setFont(QFont("Decorative", 10))

qp.drawText(event.rect(), Qt.AlignCenter, self.text)

if __name__ == "__main__":

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

ex = Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

示例中我们绘制了一些西里尔字母，文本是垂直且水平对齐的。

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">paintEvent</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, event)</span>:</span>
...

1 2	<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">paintEvent</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, event)</span>:</span> ...

绘制工作在paintEvent的方法内部完成。

qp = QPainter()
qp.<span class="hljs-keyword">begin</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.drawText(<span class="hljs-keyword">event</span>, qp)
qp.<span class="hljs-keyword">end</span>()

qp = QPainter()

qp.begin(self)

self.drawText(event, qp)

qp.end()

QPainter负责所有的低级绘制工作，在它的begin()与end()间放置了绘图代码。实际的绘制工作由drawText()方法完成。

qp<span class="hljs-class">.setPen</span>(<span class="hljs-function">QColor(<span class="hljs-number">168</span>, <span class="hljs-number">34</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>)</span>)
qp<span class="hljs-class">.setFont</span>(<span class="hljs-function">QFont(<span class="hljs-string">'Decorative'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>)

qp.setPen(QColor(168, 34, 3))

qp.setFont(QFont('Decorative', 10))

这里我们定义了用于绘制文本的画笔与字体对象。

qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.drawText</span>(event<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.rect</span>(), Qt<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.AlignCenter</span>, self<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.text</span>)

1	qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.drawText</span>(event<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.rect</span>(), Qt<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.AlignCenter</span>, self<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.text</span>)

drawText()会在窗体上进行文本的绘制。通过paint event(绘图事件)的rect()方法得到当前窗体的可绘图区域。

绘制圆点

点是可以绘制的最简单的图形对象。

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sys, random
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtWidgets <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> QWidget, QApplication
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtGui <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> QPainter, QColor, QPen
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtCore <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Qt


<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Example</span><span class="hljs-params">(QWidget)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">initUI</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        self.setGeometry(<span class="hljs-number">300</span>, <span class="hljs-number">300</span>, <span class="hljs-number">280</span>, <span class="hljs-number">170</span>)
        self.setWindowTitle(<span class="hljs-string">"Points"</span>)
        self.show()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">paintEvent</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, e)</span>:</span>
        qp =QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawPoints(qp)
        qp.end()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">drawPoints</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, qp)</span>:</span>
        qp.setPen(Qt.red)
        size = self.size()

        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">1000</span>): 
            x = random.randint(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, size.width()-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
            y = random.randint(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, size.height()-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
            qp.drawPoint(x, y)


<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">"__main__"</span>:
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

import sys, random

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication

from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor, QPen

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt

class Example(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

def initUI(self):

self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 170)

self.setWindowTitle("Points")

self.show()

def paintEvent(self, e):

qp =QPainter()

qp.begin(self)

self.drawPoints(qp)

qp.end()

def drawPoints(self, qp):

qp.setPen(Qt.red)

size = self.size()

for i in range(1000):

x = random.randint(1, size.width()-1)

y = random.randint(1, size.height()-1)

qp.drawPoint(x, y)

if __name__ == "__main__":

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

ex = Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

示例中我们随机画了1000个红点。

qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setPen</span>(Qt<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.red</span>)

1	qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setPen</span>(Qt<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.red</span>)

将画笔设为红色。我们使用了预定义的Qt.red常量

<span class="hljs-keyword">size</span> = self.<span class="hljs-keyword">size</span>()

1	<span class="hljs-keyword">size</span> = self.<span class="hljs-keyword">size</span>()

每次调整窗体尺寸都会生成一个paint event。我们可以通过这个event的size()方法得到窗体当前的尺寸。我们将这些点分配到窗体的各个区域。

qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.drawPoint</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">x</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">y</span>)

1	qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.drawPoint</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">x</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">y</span>)

通过drawPoint()方法绘制圆点。

颜色

颜色是用于表示红绿蓝(RGB)各色值组合体的对象。合法的RGB值在0到255之间。颜色的定义有多种方式，通常用10进制或16进制的数值表示。我们也可以使用RGBA表示，它代表了红色、绿色、蓝色与Alpha通道值。也就是说我们附加了一个表示透明度的信息。Alpha值为255表示完全不透明，为0表示完全透明，也就是说颜色是不可见的。

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sys
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtWidgets <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> QWidget, QApplication
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtGui <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> QPainter, QColor, QBrush


<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Example</span><span class="hljs-params">(QWidget)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">initUI</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        self.setGeometry(<span class="hljs-number">300</span>, <span class="hljs-number">300</span>, <span class="hljs-number">350</span>, <span class="hljs-number">100</span>)
        self.setWindowTitle(<span class="hljs-string">"Colours"</span>)
        self.show()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">paintEvent</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, e)</span>:</span>
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawRectangles(qp)
        qp.end()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">drawRectangles</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, qp)</span>:</span>
        col = QColor(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
        col.setNamedColor(<span class="hljs-string">"#d4d4d4"</span>)
        qp.setPen(col)

        qp.setBrush(QColor(<span class="hljs-number">200</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>))
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        qp.setBrush(QColor(<span class="hljs-number">255</span>, <span class="hljs-number">80</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">160</span>))
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">130</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        qp.setBrush(QColor(<span class="hljs-number">25</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">200</span>))
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)


<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">"__main__"</span>:
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication

from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor, QBrush

class Example(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

def initUI(self):

self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 100)

self.setWindowTitle("Colours")

self.show()

def paintEvent(self, e):

qp = QPainter()

qp.begin(self)

self.drawRectangles(qp)

qp.end()

def drawRectangles(self, qp):

col = QColor(0, 0, 0)

col.setNamedColor("#d4d4d4")

qp.setPen(col)

qp.setBrush(QColor(200, 0, 0))

qp.drawRect(10, 15, 90, 60)

qp.setBrush(QColor(255, 80, 0, 160))

qp.drawRect(130, 15, 90, 60)

qp.setBrush(QColor(25, 0, 90, 200))

qp.drawRect(250, 15, 90, 60)

if __name__ == "__main__":

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

ex = Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

示例中我们绘制了三个不同颜色的矩形。

<span class="hljs-keyword">color</span> = QColor(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">color</span>.setNamedColor(<span class="hljs-string">'#d4d4d4'</span>)

1 2	<span class="hljs-keyword">color</span> = QColor(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">color</span>.setNamedColor(<span class="hljs-string">'#d4d4d4'</span>)

这里我们使用16进制值定义了一个颜色对象。

qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setBrush</span>(QColor(<span class="hljs-number">200</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>))
qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.drawRect</span>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

qp.setBrush(QColor(200, 0, 0))

qp.drawRect(10, 15, 90, 60)

我们为QPainter设置了一个笔刷(Bursh)对象并用它绘制了一个矩形。笔刷是用于绘制形状背景的基本图形对象。drawRect()方法接受四个参数，前两个是起点的x,y坐标，后两个是矩形的宽和高。这个方法使用当前的画笔与笔刷对象进行绘制。

QPen(画笔)

QPen是一个基本图形对象。它用于绘制直线，曲线以及矩形、椭圆、多边形或其他图形的轮廓。

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sys
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtWidgets <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> QWidget, QApplication
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtGui <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> QPainter, QColor, QPen
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtCore <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Qt


<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Example</span><span class="hljs-params">(QWidget)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">initUI</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        self.setGeometry(<span class="hljs-number">300</span>, <span class="hljs-number">300</span>, <span class="hljs-number">280</span>, <span class="hljs-number">270</span>)
        self.setWindowTitle(<span class="hljs-string">"Pen styles"</span>)
        self.show()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">paintEvent</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, e)</span>:</span>
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawLines(qp)
        qp.end()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">drawLines</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, qp)</span>:</span>
        pen = QPen(Qt.black, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, Qt.SolidLine)

        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">40</span>, <span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">40</span>)

        pen.setStyle(Qt.DashLine)
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">80</span>, <span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">80</span>)

        pen.setStyle(Qt.DashDotLine)
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">120</span>, <span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">120</span>)

        pen.setStyle(Qt.DotLine)
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">160</span>, <span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">160</span>)

        pen.setStyle(Qt.DashDotDotLine)
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">200</span>, <span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">200</span>)

        pen.setStyle(Qt.CustomDashLine)
        pen.setDashPattern([<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>])
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">240</span>)


<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">"__main__"</span>:
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication

from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor, QPen

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt

class Example(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

def initUI(self):

self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 270)

self.setWindowTitle("Pen styles")

self.show()

def paintEvent(self, e):

qp = QPainter()

qp.begin(self)

self.drawLines(qp)

qp.end()

def drawLines(self, qp):

pen = QPen(Qt.black, 2, Qt.SolidLine)

qp.setPen(pen)

qp.drawLine(20, 40, 250, 40)

pen.setStyle(Qt.DashLine)

qp.setPen(pen)

qp.drawLine(20, 80, 250, 80)

pen.setStyle(Qt.DashDotLine)

qp.setPen(pen)

qp.drawLine(20, 120, 250, 120)

pen.setStyle(Qt.DotLine)

qp.setPen(pen)

qp.drawLine(20, 160, 250, 160)

pen.setStyle(Qt.DashDotDotLine)

qp.setPen(pen)

qp.drawLine(20, 200, 250, 200)

pen.setStyle(Qt.CustomDashLine)

pen.setDashPattern([1, 4, 5, 4])

qp.setPen(pen)

qp.drawLine(20, 240, 250, 240)

if __name__ == "__main__":

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

ex = Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

示例中我们绘制了6条直线。每条直线使用了不同的画笔风格，其中有5个是PyQt5中预定义的，另外我们也自已实现了一个。最后那条线就是用我们自定义的画笔风格所画。

pen = QPen(Qt<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.black</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, Qt<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.SolidLine</span>)

1	pen = QPen(Qt<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.black</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, Qt<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.SolidLine</span>)

我们创建了一个黑颜色的画笔对象，其宽度为2像素，这样可以看出画笔风格的不同之处。Qt.SolidLine是预定义的一种画笔风格。

pen<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setStyle</span>(Qt<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.CustomDashLine</span>)
pen<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setDashPattern</span>([<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>])
qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setPen</span>(pen)

pen.setStyle(Qt.CustomDashLine)

pen.setDashPattern([1, 4, 5, 4])

qp.setPen(pen)

这里我们定义了一个画笔风格。我们设置了Qt.CustomDashLine并调用了setDashPattern()方法，它的参数(一个数字列表)定义了一种风格，必须有偶数个数字；其中奇数表示绘制实线，偶数表示留空。数值越大，直线或空白就越大。这里我们定义了1像素的实线，4像素的空白，5像素实线，4像素空白。。。

QBrush(笔刷)

QBrush是一个基本图形对象。它用于绘制矩形、椭圆或多边形等图形的背景。笔刷有三种类型：预定义笔刷、渐变笔刷或纹理图案笔刷。

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sys
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtWidgets <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> QWidget, QApplication
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtGui <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> QPainter, QBrush
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PyQt5.QtCore <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Qt


<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Example</span><span class="hljs-params">(QWidget)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">initUI</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
        self.setGeometry(<span class="hljs-number">300</span>, <span class="hljs-number">300</span>, <span class="hljs-number">355</span>, <span class="hljs-number">280</span>)
        self.setWindowTitle(<span class="hljs-string">"Brushes"</span>)
        self.show()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">paintEvent</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, e)</span>:</span>
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawBrushes(qp)
        qp.end()

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">drawBrushes</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, qp)</span>:</span>
        brush = QBrush(Qt.SolidPattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense1Pattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">130</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense2Pattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense3Pattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, <span class="hljs-number">105</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.DiagCrossPattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, <span class="hljs-number">105</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense5Pattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">130</span>, <span class="hljs-number">105</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense6Pattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">105</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.HorPattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, <span class="hljs-number">195</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.VerPattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">130</span>, <span class="hljs-number">195</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.BDiagPattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(<span class="hljs-number">250</span>, <span class="hljs-number">195</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)


<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">"__main__"</span>:
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication

from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QBrush

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt

class Example(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

def initUI(self):

self.setGeometry(300, 300, 355, 280)

self.setWindowTitle("Brushes")

self.show()

def paintEvent(self, e):

qp = QPainter()

qp.begin(self)

self.drawBrushes(qp)

qp.end()

def drawBrushes(self, qp):

brush = QBrush(Qt.SolidPattern)

qp.setBrush(brush)

qp.drawRect(10, 15, 90, 60)

brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense1Pattern)

qp.setBrush(brush)

qp.drawRect(130, 15, 90, 60)

brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense2Pattern)

qp.setBrush(brush)

qp.drawRect(250, 15, 90, 60)

brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense3Pattern)

qp.setBrush(brush)

qp.drawRect(10, 105, 90, 60)

brush.setStyle(Qt.DiagCrossPattern)

qp.setBrush(brush)

qp.drawRect(10, 105, 90, 60)

brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense5Pattern)

qp.setBrush(brush)

qp.drawRect(130, 105, 90, 60)

brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense6Pattern)

qp.setBrush(brush)

qp.drawRect(250, 105, 90, 60)

brush.setStyle(Qt.HorPattern)

qp.setBrush(brush)

qp.drawRect(10, 195, 90, 60)

brush.setStyle(Qt.VerPattern)

qp.setBrush(brush)

qp.drawRect(130, 195, 90, 60)

brush.setStyle(Qt.BDiagPattern)

qp.setBrush(brush)

qp.drawRect(250, 195, 90, 60)

if __name__ == "__main__":

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

ex = Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

在示例中我们绘制了9个不同的矩形。

brush = QBrush(Qt<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.SolidPattern</span>)
qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setBrush</span>(brush)
qp<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.drawRect</span>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, <span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-number">90</span>, <span class="hljs-number">60</span>)