MicroPython-On-ESP8266——自动连接WIFI与开启webrepl_进击的大米-程序员宝宝_esp8266自动连接

技术标签：开发板物联网 MicroPython

https://cxybb.com/article/fatway/118736979

MicroPython-On-ESP8266——自动连接WIFI与开启webrepl

1. 启动即连接wifi

esp8266芯片的核心作为即为作为网络连接的桥梁，前面咱们也学习了使用network库将开发板当作热点或者连接到现有网络中。后面需要使用urequests模块作网络请求什么的，都是需要先连接到网络才行。

1.1. 启动方法

micropython固件包刷到开发板上后，里面是有一个boot.py文件的，而且这个文件不能删除。

开发板上电启动后，会先执行boot.py中的代码，然后才继续执行main.py中代码。后期学习过程中，主要的业务逻辑都会写在main文件中，那咱们就可以把连接wifi代码段放到boot文件中，这样就可以专心调度业务功能了。

之前学习网络模块时，有学习到连接现有wifi的功能

<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">do_connect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    sta_if <span class="token operator">=</span> network<span class="token punctuation">.</span>WLAN<span class="token punctuation">(</span>network<span class="token punctuation">.</span>STA_IF<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    sta_if<span class="token punctuation">.</span>active<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">not</span> sta_if<span class="token punctuation">.</span>isconnected<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'connecting to network...'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        sta_if<span class="token punctuation">.</span>active<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        sta_if<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'essid'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'password'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment"># 修改为自己wifi密码</span>
        <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token keyword">not</span> sta_if<span class="token punctuation">.</span>isconnected<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            <span class="token keyword">pass</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'network config:'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sta_if<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ifconfig<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

def do_connect():

sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)

sta_if.active(False)

if not sta_if.isconnected():

print('connecting to network...')

sta_if.active(True)

sta_if.connect('essid', 'password') # 修改为自己wifi密码

while not sta_if.isconnected():

pass

print('network config:', sta_if.ifconfig())

那只要把这段代码放到boot.py中并启动do_connect函数即可了。

1.2. 配置boot.py文件

查后面的webrepl资料时，找到一个别人配置的boot.py文件，封装得比较好，拿来学习学习。

原地址：https://www.jianshu.com/p/c2ddd4fd05be

<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">do_connect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">import</span> json
    <span class="token keyword">import</span> network
    <span class="token comment"># 尝试读取配置文件wifi_confi.json,这里我们以json的方式来存储WIFI配置</span>
    <span class="token comment"># wifi_config.json在根目录下</span>
    
    <span class="token comment"># 若不是初次运行,则将文件中的内容读取并加载到字典变量 config</span>
    <span class="token keyword">try</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'wifi_config.json'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'r'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            config <span class="token operator">=</span> json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>loads<span class="token punctuation">(</span>f<span class="token punctuation">.</span>read<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token comment"># 若初次运行,则将进入excpet,执行配置文件的创建        </span>
    <span class="token keyword">except</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        essid <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">input</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'wifi name:'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 输入essid</span>
        password <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">input</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'wifi passwrod:'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 输入password</span>
        config <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">dict</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>essid<span class="token operator">=</span>essid<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password<span class="token operator">=</span>password<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 创建字典</span>
        <span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'wifi_config.json'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'w'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            f<span class="token punctuation">.</span>write<span class="token punctuation">(</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumps<span class="token punctuation">(</span>config<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 将字典序列化为json字符串,存入wifi_config.json</span>
            
    <span class="token comment">#以下为正常的WIFI连接流程        </span>
    wifi <span class="token operator">=</span> network<span class="token punctuation">.</span>WLAN<span class="token punctuation">(</span>network<span class="token punctuation">.</span>STA_IF<span class="token punctuation">)</span>  
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">not</span> wifi<span class="token punctuation">.</span>isconnected<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 
        <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'connecting to network...'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        wifi<span class="token punctuation">.</span>active<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
        wifi<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>config<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'essid'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> config<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'password'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
        <span class="token keyword">import</span> time
        time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sleep<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#一般睡个5-10秒,应该绰绰有余</span>
        
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">not</span> wifi<span class="token punctuation">.</span>isconnected<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            wifi<span class="token punctuation">.</span>active<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#关掉连接,免得repl死循环输出</span>
            <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'wifi connection error, please reconnect'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">import</span> os
            <span class="token comment"># 连续输错essid和password会导致wifi_config.json不存在</span>
            <span class="token keyword">try</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                os<span class="token punctuation">.</span>remove<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'wifi_config.json'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 删除配置文件</span>
            <span class="token keyword">except</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token keyword">pass</span>
            do_connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 重新连接</span>
        <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'network config:'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wifi<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ifconfig<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 

<span class="token keyword">if</span> __name__ <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token string">'__main__'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    do_connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

import json

import network

# 尝试读取配置文件wifi_confi.json,这里我们以json的方式来存储WIFI配置

# wifi_config.json在根目录下

# 若不是初次运行,则将文件中的内容读取并加载到字典变量 config

try:

with open('wifi_config.json','r') as f:

config = json.loads(f.read())

# 若初次运行,则将进入excpet,执行配置文件的创建

except:

essid = input('wifi name:') # 输入essid

password = input('wifi passwrod:') # 输入password

config = dict(essid=essid, password=password) # 创建字典

with open('wifi_config.json','w') as f:

f.write(json.dumps(config)) # 将字典序列化为json字符串,存入wifi_config.json

#以下为正常的WIFI连接流程

wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)

if not wifi.isconnected():

print('connecting to network...')

wifi.active(True)

wifi.connect(config['essid'], config['password'])

import time

time.sleep(5) #一般睡个5-10秒,应该绰绰有余

wifi.active(False) #关掉连接,免得repl死循环输出

print('wifi connection error, please reconnect')

import os

# 连续输错essid和password会导致wifi_config.json不存在

try:

os.remove('wifi_config.json') # 删除配置文件

except:

pass

do_connect() # 重新连接

else:

print('network config:', wifi.ifconfig())

if __name__ == '__main__':

do_connect()

把wifi和密码放到了外部json配置文件中，首次使用需要在REPL中输入，后面有了配置文件就会自己连接到网络了。

2. 使用webrepl

前面学习过程中，调试和上传程序代码这些的都是在REPL中进行的，实际上micropython还提供了一种webrepl调试方法，在开发板连接到网络后，再可开启该功能，就可以通过websocket方式与开发板交互了。这样省去每次都还要连接串口USB线来调试的麻烦。

2.1. 初始化webrepl

要开启webrepl功能，首先还是得连线后在REPL下初始化该模块

<span class="token keyword">import</span> webrepl_set

1 2	<span class="token keyword">import</span> webrepl_set

在REPL中执行这条语句，系统自会提示安装webrepl服务，需要配置一个网络连接的密码，自己记得就行了。
在这里插入图片描述

2.2. 启动webrepl服务

初始化好以后就可以启动webrepl了，咱们还是在REPL中继续执行

<span class="token keyword">import</span> webrepl
webrepl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>start<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

import webrepl

webrepl.start()

在这里插入图片描述

webrepl.start()方法在启动服务时，需要这里可以在参数里指定port端口（默认是8266）和password密码的。
在这里插入图片描述

2.3. 连接到webrepl

服务启来了，那咱们就可以使用websocket来连接和交互了，这里使用官方部署的在线环境客户端就行。
进入地址： http://micropython.org/webrepl

进入后，填写正确的地址和端口（刚才已经把port改为了8888，需要对应），connect后输入密码就会提示连接成功了。
在这里插入图片描述
当然了，需要本机与开发板连接到了同一个wifi网络才可以正常访问得到。

因为咱们在连接wifi网络时使用的是STA_IF模式，所以这里访问webrepl时需要用路由给分配的内网ip，192.168.4.1这个就不能用来连接了。

2.3. 设置开发板启动即开启webrepl

前面已经在boot.py启动文件中配置好了开发板启动即连接到wifi网络，那要再开启webrepl也就容易了，把启动服务指令加到连接网络后面就行

<span class="token keyword">if</span> __name__ <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token string">'__main__'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    do_connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">import</span> webrepl
    webrepl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>start<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>